Common Expressions in Presentations

Common Expressions in Presentations

Here are some typical expressions commonly used in presentations.

1. Addressing and greeting: Ladies and Gentlemen. Good morning.

2. Thanking: I’d like to thank...

3. Introducing: My name is..., or I’m.... I am from...

4. Opening remarks: The title of the presentation is..., I’d like to talk about... today. Our topic for today is..., My presentation will last for about...

5. Planning: I have divided our talk into..., The first is..., The second is..., The third is..., The... is..., and finally I would like to talk a little about....

6. Opening: I’d like to start by.... that....

7. Moving to new point: Let me now turn to.... Now, I’d like to turn to...

8. Highlighting: The important thing about... is... The thing to remember is...

9. Indicating: Okay, Right, Good, Well, etc.

10. Summarizing: Let me conclude my presentation then. The main points that have been made are...

11. Closing: I’ll finish here, thank you. And let me finish here, thank you.

Contoh:

“Responsible Practices for Sharing Avian Influenza Viruses”

A Speech by: H.E. Dr. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

Assalamu’alikum wr. wb. Good Morning,

The Excellencies Ministers, Ambassadors, Member of Parliament, and Distinguished Participants

Ladies and Gentlemen

I am very honoured to stand before you all to deliver a speech concerning our current public security issues about bird flu.

Let me begin by giving you a very warm welcome along with hope that this important meeting will result with success.

Nothing is more worrying for us today than the specter of avian flu pandemic. To date, avian influenza has infected 281 people, including 68 Indonesians.

A flu pandemic will continue to spread, infect and kill until it has no more human flesh to live on. Millions of people around the world could die a tragic death from the pandemic. It is quiet clear therefore that the avian flu is everybody’s problem. We have been alarmed that the virus has suddenly crossed the species barrier and H5N1 human cases have been found in many parts of the world.

It is therefore our duty to work together to ensure that a pandemic does not happen in our time. And it is our responsibility to ensure that all the nations of the world are prepared to prevent and fight it. This is everybody’s business, because if one is at risk, all is at risk.

We are very grateful that you have answered our call to address the important issues concerning the international cooperation on sharing avian flu viruses.

Ladies and gentlemen,

I hope that this Meeting will result in constructive discussions on an issue that is at the heart of our national security.

Finally, by saying “Bismillahirrahmanirrahim”, I now take great pleasure to declare this High-Level Meeting open.

Thank you very much.

Wassalamu’alaikum wr. wb.

Common Expressions in Speeches

In the speech delivered by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, you find some expressions.

1. Greeting: Good morning. Here are some others: good evening, good afternoon.

2. Addresses: The Excellencies Ministers,... Distinguished Participants, Ladies and gentlemen.

Here are some others: Dear friends, Dear brothers and sisters, The Honourable ...,

3. Opening words: I am very honoured to stand before you all to deliver a speech..., It is a great pleasure for me to deliver a speech..., etc.

4. Welcoming words: Let me begin by giving you a very warm welcome ..., Welcome to this very special occasion. Let’s express our warmest welcome to...

5. The content of the speech: First of all, ... Firstly,... Secondly, ... After that, Then,..., Finally,...

6. Thanking: We are very grateful that you have answered our call..., I’d like to extend my sincere gratitude to ...

7. Opening an Occasion: I now take great pleasure to declare this High-Level Meeting open.

Here are some others: I declare the.... officially open, let me declare the... officially open. To close an occasion: I declare the.... officially closed, let me declare the... officially closed.

8. Wishing: I hope that this Meeting will result in constructive discussions... Here are some others: We wish you a nice stay in..., we wish you an interesting and enjoyable presentation.

9. Closing: Thank you very much.

Contoh:

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Good morning.

First of all, I’d like to thank the organizer and the audience for inviting me here today. My name is Virga. I am from Health Department. I’m going to tell you about Bird Flu. My talk is about Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus.

I Have Divided Our Talk Into two Parts. They Are: Avian Influenza In Birds and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus.

Let’s have a look at the flow chart on the spread of the bird flu virus to the human.

Let me now turn to the first part, Avian Influenza in birds. Avian influenza is an infection caused by bird flu viruses. These viruses occur naturally among birds. Wild birds worldwide carry the viruses in their intestines, but usually do not get sick from them.

However, avian influenza can easily kill chickens, ducks, etc. They may be infected with avian influenza virus through direct contact with infected waterfowl or contaminated surfaces.

Ok, let’s move to the next part. “H5N1 virus” is influenza A virus subtype that occurs in birds. It is highly infectious among birds and can be deadly to them. H5N1 virus does not usually infect people, but the infections have occurred in humans. The most cases have resulted from people having direct contact with H5N1 infected poultry or H5N1contaminated surfaces.

The thing to remember is that we must keep our body clean and healthy especially with birds.

Let me try to conclude the presentation today. Waterfowl can carry H5N1 with few effects. Yet, when the virus is infected to chickens, it can be deadly. The virus can pass to human who are in close contact with infected birds.

Let me finish here. I thank you so much for the attention.

Good morning.

Adapted from: http://www.presidenri.go.id http://www.who.int

Bird Flu: A Presentation

Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen.

First of all I would like to thank the committee of the seminar who has given me an opportunity to share some information about a disease currently spreads in many parts of the world.

Ladies and gentlemen, bird flu is a deadly disease. Unless an infected patient is treated appropriately and quickly, the patient may die of the disease soon. In addition, the disease can spread very quickly as well. If the spread of the disease is not stopped, mankind will be in danger.

In this seminar I’d like to address the issue by discussing five points. First, I’d like to talk about what avian influenza is. Second, I’d like to look at the role of birds in spreading avian influenza viruses and then its outbreak in poultry and the countries affected most by the outbreak. Finally I’d like to discuss the implications of the virus spread for human’s health. To end my presentation I will make some concluding remarks.

Well, let me start with the first point. What is avian influenza?

Avian influenza or “bird flu” is an infectious disease of animals caused by viruses that normally infect only birds. Avian influenza viruses are highly specific to certain species, but on rare occasion, have crossed the species barrier to infect humans. Avian influenza viruses cause two main forms of disease, distinguished by low and high extremes of virulence. The low form causes only mild symptoms (messed-up feathers, a drop in egg production) and may easily go undetected.

The highly pathogenic form is far more harmful. It spreads very rapidly through poultry flocks and causes disease affecting internal organs and almost 100% death within 48 hours.

Moving to the second point, do migratory birds spread highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses?

Well, ladies and gentlemen, the role of migratory birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza is not fully understood. Wild waterfowl are considered the natural reservoir of all influenza A viruses. They are known to carry viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes, but usually in the low pathogenic form. Considerable circumstantial evidence suggests that migratory birds can introduce low pathogenic H5 and H7 viruses to poultry flocks, which then mutate to the highly pathogenic form. Recent events make it likely that some migratory birds are now directly spreading the H5N1 virus in its highly pathogenic form.

Now, what is special about the current outbreaks in poultry? The current outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza began in South-East Asia in mid-2003. The outbreaks are the largest and most severe on record. Never before in the history of this disease have so many countries been simultaneously affected, resulting in the loss of so many birds.

Ladies and Gentlemen, many countries have been affected by the spread of the viruses. By the way, which countries have been affected by the outbreaks in poultry?

From mid-December 2003 through early February 2004, the H5N1 virus outbreaks were reported in eight Asian nations. The countries are the Republic of Korea, Vietnam, Japan, Thailand, Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Indonesia, and China. Most of these countries had never before experienced an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in their histories.

Well, let me now discuss the implications for human health. The continual spread of H5N1 in poultry populations creates two main risks for human health. The first risk is a direct infection when the virus passes from poultry to humans, resulting in very severe disease. H5N1 virus has caused the largest number of cases of severe disease and death in humans. The common symptoms are primary viral pneumonia and multi-organ failure. In the present outbreak, more than half of those infected with the virus have died. Most cases have occurred in healthy children and young adults. A second risk, of even greater concern, is that the virus will change into a form that is highly infectious for humans and spreads easily from person to person. Such a change could mark the start of a global outbreak.

Ladies and Gentlemen, to end my presentation, I’d like to remind you all that bird flu is a deadly disease. The viruses that cause the disease spread very quickly. For that reason we need to act now to stop its spread.

That’s all I could present today, and thank you for your attention.

Good afternoon.

Adapted from: http://www.who.int

Questions

1. What is Avian Influenza?

2. What is the symptom of the high pathogenic form of disease in poultry?

3. What is the role of the migratory birds in the spread of the avian influenza virus?

4. When is the largest and most severe outbreak of the avian influenza virus? Where?

5. Which countries are infected by the avian influenza virus in Southeast Asia?

6. What is the most terrifying implication of the spread of avian influenza virus for human health?

How Unemployment Occurs

Unemployment is the state in which a person is without work, available to work, and is currently seeking work. The unemployment rate is used in economic studies and economic indexes such as the United States’ Conference Board’s Index of Leading Indicators. The rate is determined as the percentage of those in the labour force without jobs. There are some of common types of unemployment.

Firstly, frictional unemployment occurs when a worker moves from one job to another job. While he searches for a job he is experiencing frictional unemployment. This is a productive part of the economy, increasing both the worker’s long term welfare and economic efficiency.

Secondly, classical or real-wage unemployment occurs when real wages for a job are set above the market-clearing level. This is often ascribed to government intervention, as with the minimum wage, or labour unions.

Thirdly, structural unemployment is caused by a mismatch between jobs offered by employers and potential workers. This may pertain to geographical location, skills, and many other factors. If such a mismatch exists, frictional unemployment is likely to be more significant as well.

Fourthly, seasonal unemployment occurs when an occupation is not in demand at certain seasons.

Lastly, cyclical or Keynesian unemployment, also known as demand deficient unemployment, occurs when there is not enough aggregate demand for the labour. This is caused by a business cycle recession and wages not falling to meet the equilibrium rate.

Questions

1. What is unemployment?

2. How does frictional unemployment occur?

3. How does classical unemployment occur?

4. What is structural employment caused by?

5. When does seasonal unemployment occur?

What is Language Death?

Language death is a process that affects speech communities where the level of linguistic competence that speakers possess of a given language idiom is decreased.

Total language death occurs when there are no speakers of a given language idiom remaining in a population where the idiom was previously used (i.e. when all native speakers die). Language death may affect any language idiom, including dialects and languages.

Language death may manifest itself in one of the following ways:

• gradual language death

• bottom-to-top language death

• radical language death

• linguicide (a.k.a. sudden language death, language death by genocide, physical language death, biological language death)

The most common process leading to language death is one in which a community of speakers of one language becomes bilingual in another language, and gradually shifts allegiance to the second language until they cease to use their original (or heritage) language. This is a process of assimilation which may be voluntary or may be forced upon a population. Speakers of some languages, particularly regional or minority languages may decide to abandon them based on economic or utilitarian grounds, in favor of languages regarded as having greater utility or prestige. Languages can also die when their speakers are wiped out by genocide, disease, or the rare event of devastating natural catastrophe.

A language is often declared to be dead even before the last native speaker of the language has died. If there are only a few elderly speakers of a language remaining, and they no longer use that language for communication, then the language is effectively dead. A language that has reached such a reduced stage of use is generally considered moribund. The process of attrition occurs when intergenerational transmission of a “heritage language”, mother tongue or native language has effectively stopped. This is rarely a sudden event, but a slow process of each generation learning less and less of the language, until its use is relegated to the domain of traditional use, such as in poetry and song. For example, a family’s adults may speak in an older native language, but when they have children, they may not pass on this language, and therefore the language dies in that family. One example of this process reaching its conclusion is that of the Dalmatian language.

Adapted from: Wikipedia free encyclopaedia

Questions

1. What is language death?

2. When does total language death occur?

3. How does the process of the death happen?

4. When is the language declared to be dead?

5. When does the process of attrition occur?