Penggunaan WHO vs WHOM dalam kalimat tanya

Penggunaan WHO vs WHOM dalam kalimat tanya

Dalam kalimat tanya (interrogative), who digunakan untuk menanyakan subject kalimat. Pola penggunaan who adalah sebagai berikut:

Who + verb + object + …?

1. Who has this great car? (Siapa punya mobil bagus ini?).
2. Who was the first human to set foot on the moon surface? (Siapa orang yang pertama kali menginjakkan kaki di permukaan bulan?).
3. Who will accompany you to the party? (Siapa yang akan menemani kamu ke pesta itu?).

Kalau ketiga kalimat tanya di atas dijawab, maka akan terlihat bahwa who memang menggantikan subject kalimat.

1. My father has this great car. Atau disingkat:  My father does.
2. Neil Armstrong was the first human to set foot on the moon surface. Atau : Neil Armstrong was.
3. My cousin will. (Sepupuku).

Whom dalam kalimat tanya (interrogative) digunakan untuk untuk menanyakan object kalimat. Whom tidak pernah digunakan untuk menggantikan subject kalimat. Pola penggunaan whom adalah sebagai berikut:

Whom + auxiliary/kata bantu + subject + verb + …?

1. Whom do you love more? (Siapa yang lebih kamu cintai?).
2. For whom did he buy that necklace? For his girl friend? (Untuk siapa dia membeli kalung itu? Untuk pacarnya?).
3. With whom will you go to the party? (Dengan siapa kamu akan pergi ke pesta itu?).

Walaupun letak whom di awal kalimat, whom ini sebenarnya menanyakan atau menggantikan object kalimat. Perhatikan jawaban dari ketiga pertanyaan di atas berikut ini. (Yang dicetak tebal adalah kata-kata yang digantikan oleh whom dan berfungsi sebagai object kalimat.

1. I love you more. (Aku lebih mencintai kamu).
2. No, it was not for his girl friend. He bought that necklace for his sister. (Bukan, kalung itu bukan untuk pacarnya. Dia membeli kalung itu untuk adiknya). Dalam kalimat ini that necklace adalah direct object, sedangkan his sister adalah indirect object.
3. I will go to the party with my cousin. (Aku akan pergi ke pesta itu dengan sepupuku).

Penggunaan WHOSE dalam kalimat tanya

Berbeda dengan penggunaan who dan whom, penggunaan whose pada umumnya diikuti oleh noun (i.e. whose + noun), dan digunakan untuk menyatakan kepemilikan  (siapa yang punya) noun tersebut. Pola kalimat tanya yang menggunakan whose adalah:

Whose noun + verb + object + …? (jika yang ditanyakan adalah subject kalimat; Lihat contoh1&2 di bawah)

Whose noun + auxilliary/kata bantu + verb + object + …? (jika yang ditanyakan adalah object kalimat; Lihat contoh 3-4)

1. Whose car is this? (Mobil siapa ini?) = Who has this car?
2. Whose money got stolen? (Uang siapa yang dicuri?) = Who has the money that got stolen?
3. Whose book did you copy? (Buku siapa yang kamu copy?) = Who has the book (that) you copied?
4. Whose cloth are you wearing? (Bajunya siapa yang sedang kamu pakai?) = Who has the cloth (that) you are wearing?

 

 

 

Penggunaan WHICH dalam kalimat tanya

Untuk membuat kalimat tanya dan jika yang ditanyakan adalah subject kalimat, kita dapat gunakan pola berikut:

Which noun + verb + …?

Which one + verb + …?

Which one digunakan jika nounnya sudah pernah disebutkan atau sudah pernah diacu sebelumnya. Jika nounnya belum pernah disebutkan sebelumnya sebaiknya gunakan which noun agar lawan bicara tidak bingung benda yang mana yang anda tanyakan.

Contoh:

1. Which bank got robbed? (Bank yang mana yang dirampok?).
2. Which candidate will win the contest? (Kandidat yang mana yang akan memenangkan kontes?).
3. Which books are on sale now? (Buku-buku yang mana yang diobral sekarang?).
4. Which countries have been considered developed ones? (Negara-negara yang mana yang telah dianggap negara-negara maju?).
5. Which juice is mine? (Jus yang mana jusku?).
6. Which homework must be done now? (PR yang mana yang harus dikerjakan sekarang?)

Dari contoh kalimat di atas dapat kita lihat bahwa noun yang mengikuti which dapat berupa singular noun (benda tunggal. Lihat contoh 1-2), plural noun (benda jamak. Lihat contoh 3-4), dan uncountable noun (benda tak dapat dihitung. Lihat contoh 5-6).

Misalkan sekarang, semua nouns pada keenam contoh kalimat di atas sudah pernah disebutkan sebelumnya, maka nounnya dapat kita ganti dengan one jika noun tersebut singular dan uncountable , atau diganti dengan ones jika noun tersebut plural.

1. Which one got robbed? (Bank yang mana yang dirampok?).
2. Which one will win the contest? (Kandidat yang mana yang akan memenangkan kontes?).
3. Which ones are on sale now? (Buku-buku yang mana yang sedang diobral sekarang?).
4. Which ones have been considered developed countries? (Negara-negara yang mana yang telah dianggap negara-negara maju?).
5. Which one is mine? (Jus yang mana jusku?).
6. Which one must be done now? (PR yang mana yang harus dikerjakan sekarang?)

Sebaliknya,  jika yang ditanyakan adalah object kalimat, kita gunakan pola berikut:

Which noun + auxiliary/kata bantu + subject + verb + …?

Which one + auxiliary/kata bantu + subject + verb + …?

Contoh:

1. Which language do you prefer to study, English or Japanese? = Which one do you prefer to study, English or Japanese? (Bahasa yang mana yang kamu lebih suka pelajari, Bahasa Inggris atau Bahasa Jepang?).
2. Which juice did you just drink? = Which one did you just drink? (Jus yang mana yang kamu minum tadi?).
3. Which places will you choose for your vacation? = Which ones will you choose for your vacation? (Tempat-tempat yang mana yang akan kamu pilih untuk liburanmu?)
4.  

 

QUESTION WORDS - WH QUESTIONS

A- Change the following sentences to questions beginning with the given question word.

1. They live in Brooklyn.                Where  ?
2. The lesson begins at 8 o´clock.   What time   ?
3. They get home at 6 o´clock every night.            What time  ?
4. She speaks French very well.                  What  ?
5. Those books cost one dollar.                             How much  ?
6. They travel by car.                        How  ?
7. She wants to learn English because she wants a better job.                       

Why   ?

8. They meet on the corner every morning.                     Where  ?
9. She teaches us grammar.                   What  ?
10. He gets up at seven every morning.                 When  ?
11. Those girls sell newspapaer there.               What  ?

B- Supply DO or DOES to complete the following present tense questions.

1. Where            John live?
2. What time     the plane leave?
3. Where            you hang your hat and coat during the lesson?
4. Where            they live?
5. What                          these girls generally do over the weekend?
6. How       that child go to school?
7. Who       Helen help at home?
8. When             we eat lunch in the cafeteria?
9. What                          the children eat there?
10. Where            George live?

C- Choose the best WH word:

1.  do you want to eat? Pasta and cheese.
2.  do they smoke? Cigarettes.
3.  does John drive? Cars.
4.  do we get up? Early in the morning.
5.  does that girl go swimming? At the club.

Fill in who, why, what, how, how much, how many,how old,when, where, whose.

1.  are you so happy? because I have a birthday party. 2.  is is sitting behind you? Rita. 3.  do you go to school? by bus.  4.  does the first lesson begin? at 8.00 o'clock. 5.   is the police-station? in front of the park. 6.   is the weather like in Israel? It's hot. 7.   do the tickets cost? I don't know. Maybe 15 $. 8.   does your mom go to work in the morning? by taxi. 9.   does he usually have for lunch? rice and fish. 10.   wants to sing this  song? Tamara . 11.   book is that? It's Maria's.  12.   do you have the longest holidays? in summer. 13.   can translate this word in English? I can.  14.  is your address? Main Street 16. 15.  are you crying? because I lost my keys.

1.   works in this school? my aunt. 
2   does the boy come from? from Brasil.

3    are her brothers? sixteen .

4   is  your test? on Monday
5   does this jacket cost?  200 dollars. 
6   is reading a letter now? David. 
7   do you go on Friday? to the swimming lesson.

8   water do you want? one glass of water,please.
9   does the museum open on Sundays? at nine o'clock .

10   can we buy  milk here? at the supermarket.

11   are you doing now? cooking spaghetti.

12  is your sister going to do today? to do her homework .

13   is your English teacher? Mrs. Berry

14   is your favorite color? orange. 
15   is his wedding? in September 

16  is the market? next to the biggest post-office.

1.   are your new sandals ? fifty dollars.

2   is there on the shelf ? my old radio.
3   do you work? in the hospital.

4   is your name? Sandra.
5   is your school bag? under the chair.

6   colour is your car? it's white.
7   do you usually bring to school? books and notebooks.

8   knows the answer? I know.

9   are the pupils writing now? a postcard.

10   was at the cinema yesterday? Bob and Rosa.

11     can you help me? next week.

12   were you last week? in Italy .
13   were the children a week ago? on a school trip in Paris

1.    likes lemon juice? my little brother.

2.    are your new friends from? from Argentina.

3.    is your dream? to be a French teacher.

4.    is David coming back? on Tuesday evening.

5.   pencils do you have ? seven.

6.    was at the beach yesterday? my mum.

7.    is your grandfather? seventy-nine years old.

8.   is Mr. Fox at the moment? in his office.

9.   pets do you have? two pets: a hamster and a parrot.

10. colour is your pencil box? purple.

Wh Questions

http://www.whitesmoke.com/negative-sentences-question-formation.html

Table

A Wh question is an open question, meaning that it can have any number of answers. It asks about some missing information the speaker needs. This corresponds to the different sentence elements, such as the verb, objects, manner, place, time, purpose, etc. Questions about the subject have a special form (see the next section). A question element needs to precede the subject in order to form this question. The “question element” is formed according to the following rule.

The Wh Question Rule: To form a Wh question in English, add a Wh question word before the corresponding yes/no question.

Pay attention:

• • When an auxiliary verb (including modals) is used, the main verb is not inflected (no s or ed ending), meaning that either the base form or past participle is used.
• • The verb to be uses a different Wh question pattern. Click here for more information.

Review the following table for examples of Wh questions in English.

Tense     Question about:     Example
Present Simple     Place     Where does she play? 
Past Simple     Time     When did they play? 
Present Progressive     Manner     How is he playing? 
Past Progressive     Direct object     What was he playing? 
Present Perfect     Indirect object     With who have you played? 
Present Perfect
Progressive     Choice     Which game have you been playing? 
Past Perfect     Reason     Why had they played? 
Past Perfect
Progressive     Frequency     How often had she been playing? 
Future Simple     Number     How much will I play? 
Modals     Possession     Whose role can he play? 
Conditional     Duration     How long would it take? 
Conditional perfect     Age     How old would he have been?

wh subject questions

A Wh Subject question is an open question, meaning that it can have any number of answers. It asks about missing information the speaker needs about the subject of the sentence (performer of the action). A question element needs to precede the subject in order to form this question. The “question element” is formed according to the following rule.

The Subject Wh Question Rule: To form a subject Wh-question in English, replace the subject with a question word, using who (for people) or what (for non-people)? The word order is that of a positive sentence.

Pay attention:

• • There is no auxiliary verb in Wh Subject questions in the Present Simple and Past Simple tenses. The question word simply replaces the subject.
• • In the present tenses, the verb is always in the third person singular, using the appropriate verb form.

Review the following table for examples of Wh Subject questions in English.

Tense     Question about:    Example
Present Simple     People     Who plays there every week? 
Past Simple     Non-people     What made all that noise? 
Present Progressive     People     Who is playing today? 
Past Progressive     Non-people     What was making all that noise? 
Present Perfect     People     Who’s written this essay? 
Modals     People     Who can help me?